On the Use of "Intent to..." Variables in Organizational Research: An Empirical and Cautionary Assessment
指出组织研究常用意图类变量替代实际数据（如用离职意图替代实际离职），并实证表明当替代变量与实际变量关联弱时，可能导致误解，尤其当替代变量与第三方变量关系也较弱时问题更严重。
Organizational research often relies on surrogate variables. By "surrogate" we do not refer to family of construct, factor, or latent variables. Rather, we address the situation where one variable is literally the substitute for another variable that is generally unavailable. Consider, for example, the use of "intent to turnover" or "intent to transfer" variables commonly used when actual turnover or transfer data are unavailable. We demonstrate that reliance on such surrogate variables may lead to some misinterpretation. This tendency may be particularly apparent when the relationship between the surrogate and the actual variable is low. This may be further exacerbated when the relationship between the surrogate variable and a third variable is modest as well.