Does Access to Foreign Markets Shape Internal Migration? Evidence from Brazil
研究了巴西融入世界经济后，各地区进入外国市场的差异如何通过工资和新工作机会两个渠道影响州际移民，发现低教育工人反应最强烈。
This paper investigates how internal migration is affected by Brazil’s increased integration \ninto the world economy.We analyze the impact of regional differences in access to foreign \ndemand on sector-specific bilateral migration rates between the Brazilian states for the \nyears 1995 to 2003. Using international trade data, we compute a foreign market access \nmeasure at the sectoral level, which is exogenous to domestic migration. A higher foreign \nmarket access is associated with a higher local labor demand and attracts workers via two \npotential channels: higher wages and new job opportunities. Our results show that both \nchannels play a significant role in internal migration. Further, we find a heterogeneous \nimpact across industries, according to their comparative advantage on the world market. \nHowever, the observed impact is driven by the strong reaction of low-educated workers to \nchanges in market access. This finding is consistent with the fact that Brazil is exporting \nmainly goods that are intensive in unskilled labor.