The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1
提出F-PEC量表，通过权力、经验和文化三个子量表连续测量家族对企业的影响，替代传统的分类变量方法，帮助研究者更精确地评估家族企业。
This article proposes an alternative method for assessing the extent of family influence on any enterprise, enabling the measurement of the impact of family on outcomes such as success, failure, strategy, and operations. This proposed method, utilizing a standardized and valid instrument— the F-PEC—enables the assessment of family influence on a continuous scale rather than restrict its use as a categorical (e.g., yesqno) variable. The F-PEC comprises three subscales: power, experience, and culture. This article discusses these scales in detail.