Strategy without ontology
回应Arend教授对实用主义哲学在战略研究中导致客观真理和科学进步受阻的批评，讨论实用主义的经验主义基础，并解决竞争优势与企业绩效之间联系的具体担忧。
Abstract Professor Arend's critique raises fundamental epistemological issues for strategy research, particularly the concern that pragmatist philosophy forecloses access to objective truth and scientific progress. This response discusses the empiricist underpinnings of pragmatism, and addresses Professor Arend's specific concerns about the connections between competitive advantages and firm performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.