BORDER EFFECTS WITHOUT BORDERS: WHAT DIVIDES JAPAN'S INTERNAL TRADE?
研究发现日本东西部之间的贸易比各自内部低23.1%到51.3%，这种“边界效应”并非源于历史边界或文化差异，而是由战后集聚过程及商业社会网络结构所致。
Abstract This article identifies a “border” effect in the absence of a border. The finding that trade between east and west Japan is 23.1% to 51.3% lower than trade within both country parts is established despite the absence of an obvious east–west division due to historical borders, cultural differences, or past civil wars. Postwar agglomeration processes, reflected by the contemporaneous structure of Japan's business and social networks, instead of cultural differences, induced by long‐lasting historical shocks, are identified as an explanation for the east–west bias in intra‐Japanese trade.