Putting Behavioral Economics to Work: Testing for Gift Exchange in Labor Markets Using Field Experiments
通过大学图书馆数据录入和研究中心上门募捐两项田野实验，检验高工资作为“礼物”能否激励工人付出更多努力，结果发现初期有效但长期无差异，且总体效果不如市场出清工资。
Recent discoveries in behavioral economics have led scholars to question the underpinnings of neoclassical economics. We use insights gained from one of the most influential lines of behavioral research-gift exchange-in an attempt to maximize worker effort in two quite distinct tasks: data entry for a university library and door-to-door fundraising for a research center. In support of the received literature, our field evidence suggests that worker effort in the first few hours on the job is considerably higher in the "gift" treatment than in the "nongift" treatment. After the initial few hours, however, no difference in outcomes is observed, and overall the gift treatment yielded inferior aggregate outcomes for the employer: with the same budget we would have logged more data for our library and raised more money for our research center by using the market-clearing wage rather than by trying to induce greater effort with a gift of higher wages. Copyright The Econometric Society 2006.