The Political Economy of Extension Program Design: Institutional Maintenance Issues in the Organization and Delivery of Extension Programs
分析推广项目如何通过设计特征（如信息特定化程度）来满足产生政治支持的条件，对研究推广制度与政治互动的学者有参考价值。
Abstract Besides its educational function, extension is expected to generate political support for the land grant universities. The necessary conditions for extension programs to elicit political support are for them to ( a ) be a positive net benefit, ( b ) be clearly attributable to extension, ( c ) be feasible of political solicitation, and ( d ) have benefits of sufficient magnitude to motivate political action. The characteristics of programs that affect these conditions are the attributes of ( a ) incompatible use, ( b ) exclusion costs, and ( c ) joint impact. The instrument of program design that influences these attributes is the degree to which information is particularized to a specific audience.