Selective Mobility into Self-employment in Post-socialist Transition
利用爱沙尼亚的定量和定性数据，研究后社会主义转型期推动和拉动人们进入自雇就业的因素，发现早期低教育者因缺乏选择而进入自雇，而高教育者则多转向管理岗位。
On the one hand, a self-employed worker may be a successful business owner exploiting new opportunities.At the other extreme, self-employed may be refugees from poverty and unemployment with few resources and few opportunities to earn high incomes. In this article, we address the question about importance of the `pull' and `push' factors into self-employment drawing upon the experience of post-socialist Estonia.The article uses data from various sources (quantitative as well as qualitative).We conclude that the crucial mechanism at play may have been selective mobility into self-employment. At the beginning of the 1990s less educated workers who were working in primary and secondary sectors moved into self-employment more or less for lack of choice. Most more educated self-employed who started their business in the first half of the 1990s moved out from self-employment and became managers in firms belonging to the state or other employers.As reforms progressed, the type of people who were moving into self-employment changed.