INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL COLLABORATION: THE EMERGENCE OF PROTO-INSTITUTIONS.
研究组织间协作如何通过产生新的实践、规则和技术（原制度）推动制度领域变革，基于对巴勒斯坦一个小型非政府组织四年合作活动的分析，发现高度嵌入且伙伴参与度高的协作最可能生成原制度。
Institutional Effects of Inter-organizational Collaboration:The Case of Mre et Enfant (Palestine)In this paper, we explore the institutional effects of interorganizational collaboration.We argue that collaboration can act as a source of change in institutional fields through the generation of proto-institutions: new practices, rules and technologies that transcend the particular collaborative relationship and may become new institutions if they diffuse sufficiently throughout the institutional field.Based on a study of the collaborative activities of a small, nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Palestine over a four-year period, we propose that those collaborations that are both highly embedded and have high levels of involvement among the partners are the most likely to generate proto-institutions.