Competition in the Interexchange Telecommunication Market
通过计量模型估计AT&T、MCI和Sprint在1989-1998年间跨区服务的需求弹性，发现市场表现为协调寡头而非完全竞争或古诺竞争。
Using an econometric model that allows the nature of the oligopoly interaction to be determined by the data, we estimate residual demand elasticities for the switched inter‐LATA (local access and transport area) services of AT&T, MCI, and Sprint. For the 9‐year period from the third quarter of 1989 to the first quarter of 1998, these estimates fall in the relatively inelastic −1.5 to −1.9 range. Statistical tests of the several elasticity relationships decisively reject hypotheses of perfect competition and a Cournot interaction but do not reject the hypothesis that the market functioned as a coordinated oligopoly.