The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: evidence from the wine industry
通过分析意大利和智利三个葡萄酒集群的知识网络结构，发现尽管企业地理邻近且本地商业网络普遍，但创新相关知识在集群中的传播高度选择且不均衡，这与企业知识基础的异质性和不对称分布有关。
Most of the studies about industrial clusters and innovation stress the importance of firms' geographical proximity and their embeddedness in local business networks (BNs) as factors that positively affect their learning and innovation processes. More recently, scholars have started to claim that firm-specific characteristics should be considered to be central in the process of learning and innovation in clusters. This article contributes to this latter direction of research. It applies social network analysis to explore the structural properties of knowledge networks in three wine clusters in Italy and Chile. The results show that in spite of firms' geographical proximity and the pervasiveness of local BNs, innovation-related knowledge is diffused in clusters in a highly selective and uneven way. This pattern is found to be related to the heterogeneous and asymmetric distribution of firm knowledge bases in the clusters. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.