The Road Not Taken: Pre-Revolutionary Cuban Living Standards in Comparative Perspective
研究了古巴在不同时期和地区的GDP，发现革命前古巴曾是繁荣的中等收入经济体，人均收入接近欧洲和美国的水平，但革命后收入下降，目前低于革命前峰值。
We examine Cuban GDP over time and across space. We find that Cuba was once a prosperous middle-income economy. On the eve of the revolution, incomes were 50 to 60 percent of European levels. They were among the highest in Latin America at about 30 percent of the United States. In relative terms, Cuba was richer earlier on. Income per capita during the 1920s was in striking distance of Western Europe and the Southern United States. After the revolution, Cuba slipped down the world income distribution. Current levels of income per capita appear below their pre-revolutionary peaks.