Integration and search engine bias
研究了搜索引擎与出版商整合的影响，发现即使不整合，搜索引擎也会对广告多的出版商有偏见；整合可能带来自身内容偏见，但也可能减少广告骚扰，对消费者有利，对广告商不利，整体福利影响不确定。
We study the effects of integration between a search engine and a publisher. In a model in which the search engine (i) allocates users across publishers and (ii) competes with publishers to attract advertisers, we find that the search engine is biased against publishers that display many ads – even without integration. Integration can (but need not) lead to own‐content bias. It can also benefit consumers by reducing the nuisance costs due to excessive advertising. Advertisers are more likely to suffer from integration than consumers. On net, the welfare effects of integration are ambiguous.