The Role of the British Government in the Spread of Scientific Management and Fordism in the Interwar Years
论文探讨英国企业为何迟迟不采纳科学管理与福特主义，认为1870年后管理层难以控制劳动强度，国家介入并推动工业民主，反而延缓了美国管理方法的采用。
The slowness with which British firms adopted Scientific Management and Fordism has often been noted.The paper argues that in Britain, management had difficulty controlling labor effort norms after 1870. The state intervened to resolve the issue and in the process became a major proponent of industrial democracy. It is argued that the early interest in industrial democracy retarded the adoption of American methods that assumed a greater degree of managerial control over factory organization.