From Free Entry to Patent Protection: Welfare Implications for the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
利用印度制药业数据构建需求、供给和进入的结构模型，模拟专利保护和价格管制对43种药物的福利影响，发现消费者损失巨大而全球专利持有者利润增长较小。
There has been fierce debate over the imposition of stronger intellectual property rights laws for pharmaceutical products in developing countries. This paper uses data from the Indian pharmaceutical industry to develop a structural model of demand, supply and entry. The estimation yields demand and supply parameters that indicate significant heterogeneity among firms both within and across different therapeutic segments. The estimated parameters are used to simulate patent enforcement and price deregulation for 43 drugs, which predicts large losses for consumers and relatively small gains in profits for the global patent holders. © 2011 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.