Firm Productivity and Exports: Evidence from Ethiopian Manufacturing
利用埃塞俄比亚制造业企业面板数据，发现出口不仅存在自选择效应，还通过学习效应使生产率提升15%-26%，且出口企业规模更大、工资更高。
This paper examines the causal relationship between exporting and productivity using plant-level panel data for Ethiopian manufacturing. We trace the trajectory of total factor productivity and other productivity measures of groups of firms classified by their export history. We tested learning-by-exporting using a one-step system-general method of moments approach with the export-status included directly in the production function. We found strong evidence of not only self-selection but also learning-by-exporting. Depending on the specification previous exporting appears to have shifted the production function by 15-26 per cent. Exporters had on average three times more employees, and paid 1.6 times higher average wage than non-exporters.