Self-Fulfilling Prophecy as a Management Tool: Harnessing Pygmalion
回顾了皮格马利翁效应（上级高期望提升下属绩效）在军事和培训中的研究，提出了一个包含上级期望、领导力、下属自我期望、动机和绩效的工作模型，并讨论了未来研究方向和应用问题。
A special case of self-fulfilling prophecy (SFP), the Pygmalion effect is the enhanced performance of subordinates of whom supervisors expect more. Pygmalion research in military and training situations is reviewed. Presented is a model of SFP at work involving supervisory expectancy, leadership, subordinate self-expectancy, motivation, and performance. Issues for future research and application are discussed, including how to raise expectations, which subordinates are influenced most, positive and negative Pygmalion, and ethical concerns.