Efficiency of supply control programmes in income redistribution
评估了芬兰乳制品市场中不同供给控制措施的效果，发现配额制度在小额收入转移时比价格管制更高效，但降价能显著改善消费者和纳税人福利，而消费者补贴因需求缺乏弹性效果有限。
This article evaluates the efficacy of alternative supply control measures in the Finnish dairy market. The capability of measures to reduce excess supplies with the least losses to producers is illustrated by the surplus transformation model. With small income transfers, the prevailing quota system is more efficient than price regulation in income redistribution. However, a considerable improvement in consumer-taxpayer welfare can be reached by price reduction only. The applicability of consumer subsidies suffers from inelastic demand for milk. The results support the argument that producers' strong political influence enables them to avoid the most unfavourable policy choices.