Backward and forward effects of Dutch agriculture
提出一种避免重复计算的方法，测算荷兰农业的前向和后向效应，发现农业出口增加值中仅17%来自农业部门本身。
Agriculture induces production in other industries. In this paper, a method is introduced to calculate forward a nd backward effects of Dutch agriculture, avoiding double counting. I ncluding export trade services among the forward effects and deprecia tion among the backward effects, the input-output table is used to as sess the effects on value added of agricultural exports (5.6 percent) and of consumption of agricultural products (2.9 percent). Including all indirect effects, only 17 percent of the total value added from agricultural exports is attributable to the agricultural sector itsel f. Copyright 1987 by Oxford University Press.