Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches
综合了组织合法性的战略与制度研究，区分了实用、道德和认知三种合法性形式，并探讨了获取、维护和修复每种合法性的策略及其利弊。
This article synthesizes the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches. The analysis identifies three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based on normative approval: and cognitive, based on comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness. The article then examines strategies for gaining, maintaining, and repairing legitimacy of each type, suggesting both the promises and the pitfalls of such instrumental manipulations.