Competition for versus on the Rails: A Laboratory Experiment*
荷兰交通部委托进行实验室实验，比较两种铁路竞争政策：通过组合拍卖分配线路使用权的“在线路上竞争”和通过票价结构竞标分配区域垄断权的“为铁路而竞争”。
European countries and Japan are contemplating more competition in passenger rail service. In the Netherlands, the Ministry of Transport was assigned responsibility for making a recommendation to Parliament for choosing between competition for the rails and competition on the rails. The Ministry commissioned the experiments reported here to acquire better understanding of the properties of the alternative policies. Competition on the rails involves allocation of rights to use station and time‐slot routes by price bids in a combinatorial auction. Competition for the rails involves allocation of rights to regional monopolies by fare‐structure bids for supplying a prespecified minimum schedule.