U-Statistics and Their Asymptotic Results for Some Inequality and Poverty Measures
说明方差、基尼指数、贫困率等常用不平等与贫困测度如何统一在U统计量类中，并解释U统计量在计量经济学中的有用性。
U-statistics form a general class of statistics that have certain important features in common. This class arises as a generalization of the sample mean and the sample variance, and typically members of the class are asymptotically normal with good consistency properties. The class encompasses some widely used income inequality and poverty measures, in particular the variance, the Gini index, the poverty rate, the average poverty gap ratios, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index, and the Sen index and its modified form. This paper illustrates how these measures come together within the class of U-statistics, and thereby why U-statistics are useful in econometrics.