External Economies and International Trade Redux
研究了行业层面存在国家外部规模经济时，采用伯特兰竞争模型如何消除标准处理中的病态现象，并确保贸易收益。
We study a world with national external economies of scale at the industry level. In contrast to the standard treatment with perfect competition and two industries, we assume Bertrand competition in a continuum of industries. With Bertrand competition, each firm can internalize the externalities from production by setting a price below those set by others. This out-of-equilibrium threat eliminates many of the "pathologies" of the standard treatment. There typically exists a unique equilibrium with trade guided by "natural" comparative advantage. And, when a country has CES preferences and any finite elasticity of substitution between goods, gains from trade are ensured. (c) 2010 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology..