The Consequences of Teenage Childbearing before Roe v. Wade
利用全国家庭增长调查五轮数据，研究了1940至1968年间青少年母亲对教育、劳动力市场和婚姻结果的影响，发现影响因受孕时的婚姻状况、社会经济背景和年份而异。
Using five cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth, we estimate the effect of teen motherhood on education, labor market, and marriage outcomes for teens conceiving from 1940 through 1968. Effects vary by marital status at conception, socioeconomic background, and year. Effects on teens married at conception were limited. However, teen mothers conceiving premaritally obtained less education and had a weaker marriage market. Teen mothers of the 1940s–1950s, affected by subsequent economic and social changes, were disadvantaged in the labor market of the 1970s. In the 1960s, teens for whom motherhood would be costly increasingly avoided pregnancy.