Precocious Albion: A New Interpretation of the British Industrial Revolution
指出英国工业革命前夕劳动力在体质和机械技能上远超欧洲大陆，解释了英国为何能更早、更快、更大规模地采用新发明，并探讨了营养和制度（如济贫法和学徒制）对劳动力质量的影响。
Many explanations have been offered for the British Industrial Revolution. This article points to the importance of human capital (broadly defined) and the quality of the British labor force on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It shows that in terms of both physical quality and mechanical skills, British workers around 1750 were at a much higher level than their continental counterparts. As a result, new inventions—no matter where they originated—were adopted earlier, faster, and on a larger scale in Britain than elsewhere. The gap in labor quality is consistent with the higher wages paid in eighteenth-century Britain. The causes for the higher labor quality are explored and found to be associated with a higher level of nutrition and better institutions, especially England’s Poor Law and the superior functioning of its apprenticeship system.