The Causal Effect of Parents' Schooling on Children's Schooling: A Comparison of Estimation Methods
回顾了估计父母受教育程度对子女受教育程度因果效应的实证文献，发现不同研究的结果存在差异，并通过瑞典登记数据应用表明，代际教育关联主要由选择效应驱动，父母养育效应中父母受教育程度占很大部分但整体作用不大。
We review the empirical literature that estimates the causal effect of parent's schooling on child's schooling, and conclude that estimates differ across studies. We then consider three explanations for why this is: (a) idiosyncratic differences in data sets, (b) differences in remaining biases between different identification strategies, and (c) differences across identification strategies in their ability to make out-of-sample predictions. We conclude that discrepancies in past studies can be explained by violations of identifying assumptions. Our reading of past evidence, together with an application to Swedish register data, suggests that intergenerational schooling associations are largely driven by selection. Parental schooling constitutes a large part of the parental nurture effect, but as a whole does not play a large role.