The Biological Basis of Economic Behavior
从生物进化角度分析经济偏好的起源，探讨效用函数为何进化、时间偏好和风险态度的形成，以及理性能力的演化，适合对行为经济学和进化心理学感兴趣的读者。
This paper first considers the implications of biological evolution for economic preferences. It analyzes why utility functions evolved, considers evidence that utility is both hedonic and adaptive, and suggests why such adaptation might have evolved. Time preference and attitudes to risk are treated—in particular, whether the former is exponential and the latter are selfish. Arguments for another form of interdependence—a concern with status—are treated. The paper then considers the evolution of rationality. One hypothesis examined is that human intelligence and longevity were forged by hunter-gatherer economies; another is that intelligence was spurred by competitive social interactions.