School Tracking and Development of Cognitive Skills
利用芬兰综合学校改革取消双轨制的自然实验，采用双重差分法评估学校分轨制对数学、语言和逻辑推理能力的影响，发现改革对低教育背景家庭学生有显著正面效果。
We evaluate the effects of the school system on mathematical, verbal, and logical reasoning skills using data from the Finnish comprehensive school reform that abolished the two-track school system. We use a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the gradual implementation across the country. Cognitive skills are measured using test scores from the Finnish Army Basic Skills Test. The reform had small positive effects on verbal test scores but no effect on the mean performance in the arithmetic or logical reasoning tests. However, the reform significantly improved the scores of the students whose parents had less than a high school education.