COAL MINING AND THE RESOURCE CURSE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES
利用阿巴拉契亚地区409个县的煤炭开采自然实验，发现资源依赖度每增加一个标准差，人均收入年增长率长期下降0.5-1个百分点，短期下降0.2个百分点，教育渠道仅解释不到15%的诅咒效应。
ABSTRACT We measure the effect of resource‐sector dependence on long‐run income growth using the natural experiment of coal mining in 409 Appalachian counties selected for homogeneity. Using a panel data set (1970–2010), we find a one standard deviation increase in resource dependence is associated with 0.5–1 percentage point long‐run and a 0.2 percentage point short‐run decline in the annual growth rate of per capita personal income. We also measure the extent to which the resource curse operates through disincentives to education, and find significant effects, but this “education channel” explains less than 15 percent of the apparent curse.