A further examination of managerial burnout: Toward an integrated model
研究了148名人类服务领域主管和管理者的职业倦怠模型，发现情绪耗竭在倦怠过程中起核心中介作用，社会支持和直接控制通过角色压力影响耗竭，进而影响去人格化、职业承诺和离职意向。
Abstract A model of managerial burnout was examined among 148 human service supervisors and managers. The findings suggest that emotional exhaustion plays a central mediating role in the burnout process. Social support and direct control were associated with exhaustion through role stress. Job and life satisfaction, and time spent with clients and subordinates were also related to exhaustion. In turn, exhaustion was related to depersonalization, professional commitment, and turnover intentions. An expected reciprocal relation between exhaustion and helplessness was not found, as the former had only a weak impact on the latter. Implications for stress coping are discussed.