Agricultural protectionism in developed countries: Analysis of systems of intervention
重新分析了发达国家农业干预体系，区分了对消费者和生产者的干预，考虑了生产成本和营销成本的扭曲，并基于加拿大、德国和英国的商品数据揭示了投入干预的重要作用、干预的不均衡性以及高昂的社会成本。
Intervention in the agricultural sector of developed countries is complex both in terms of the systems of interventions used and in terms of consequences flowing from these interventions. This paper provides a fresh analysis of these systems of intervention by incorporating three important features. First, it deals separately with interventions facing consumers and producers instead of assuming that they react to the same product price distortion. Second, it considers the effect of distortions in production and marketing costs as well as product prices on the producer's production decision by using the concept of effective protection. Finally, it uses a broad range of analyses from which to draw implications which include selected commodities in Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom. Revealing results include the important role played by input interventions in the whole structure, the uneven extent of intervention across commodities, and the high social cost of intervention.