Work Cells with Staying Power: Lessons for Process Complete Operations
研究了流程完整架构（即工作单元）在质量、成本、交付速度和灵活性方面的优势，并分析了长期有效的工作单元应具备的特征，对制造和服务领域的运营管理者有参考价值。
An operating-level concept known as a process-complete architecture, and commonly called a cell, organizes work based on the start-to-finish processing needs of a family of similar products or services. This outcome-based form of organization contrasts with functional architectures that group similar activities together, but it offers more flexibility than an assembly-line approach. Research and anecdotal reports show strong evidence for the effectiveness of cells in terms of key operating priorities such as quality, cost, delivery speed, and the ability to meet changing customer requirements. Moreover, they are central to most lean enterprise efforts and may be applied to service delivery as well as manufacturing. In spite of their many advantages, not all work cells operate effectively over the long run. Many cell failures suffer from the tendency for organizations to drift back to their previous functionally oriented groupings. This article identifies the characteristics of cells with staying power—cells that continue to support strategic objectives long after they are first initiated.