Ingredients of Famine Analysis: Availability and Entitlements
提出一种不关注食物可得性、而关注人们通过合法手段获取食物能力的饥荒分析方法，并应用于1943年孟加拉、1973年埃塞俄比亚沃洛和1974年孟加拉国的饥荒案例。
Famines often take place in situations of moderate to good food availability, without any significant decline of food supply per head. The paper presents an alternative approach to famines, which does not concentrate on availability, but on people's ability to command food through legal means available in the society (including the use of production possibilities, trade opportunities, entitlements vis-à-vis the state, etc.). The approach is explained, focusing on exchange entitlement mappings, fluctuations in which can lead to big shifts in the intergroup distribution of food command. The approach is then applied to the Bengal famine of 1943, the Ethiopian famine in Wollo in 1973, and the Bangladesh famine in 1974, and some general conclusions are drawn about the nature and classes of famines.