Party Formation and Minority Ideological Positions
构建模型，选民在收入与意识形态（以种族主义为例）上存在差异，政党内生形成并提出包含意识形态和经济维度的纲领，解释少数派意识形态立场如何通过政党形成而出现。
We develop a model where voters differ in their exogenous income and in their ideological views, with racism as an illustration. Electoral competition takes place between an endogenous number of parties which propose platforms consisting of both an ideological and an economic dimension. Our objective is to explain the emergence of minority ideological positions and to understand the role played by political parties in this emergence. We first show that, in a pure citizen-candidate model where parties are absent, the only equilibrium consists of the majority ideological position. We then show that allowance for the formation of political parties generates equilibria with minority ideological positions. Copyright © The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2009.