The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements
分析WTO框架下SPS和TBT措施对农产品贸易的影响，发现这些措施显著减少发展中国家对OECD国家的出口，但不影响OECD成员国之间的贸易。
Abstract According to World Trade Organization rules, countries may adopt regulations under the Agreements on Sanitary and Phyto‐Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). We analyze the structure of these measures in agricultural trade. The inventory approach suggests that European countries have among the lowest coverage ratios of all OECD countries. Using a gravity equation, we also estimate their stringency. Our results suggest that they significantly reduce developing countries' exports to OECD countries, but do not affect trade between OECD members. Furthermore, European imports are more negatively influenced by SPS and TBTs than imports of other OECD countries.