The Impact of Immigration on American Import Trade in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
研究了美国在第一次世界大战前40年大规模移民潮是否促进了进口贸易，发现移民显著增加了来自原籍国的进口，尤其是制成品和差异化商品。
Studies of the contemporary period for the United States and for Canada have established that the presence of an immigrant population is associated with an increase in trade between the immigrants' host and origin countries. We wish to discover if such a protrade phenomenon was systematically associated with the massive inflow of immigrants to the United States during the 40 years preceding World War I. Applying a gravity model to U.S. imports of 78 commodities from 17 countries at five-year intervals, we find support for a broad pro-import immigrant effect, especially for more fmished and more differentiated goods.