Achieving Escape Velocity: Neighborhood and School Interventions to Reduce Persistent Inequality
回顾了社区和学校干预对贫困家庭儿童长期影响的证据，发现高质量社区改善安全与健康，但高质量学校更能提升学业、收入并减少犯罪和早孕。
This paper reviews the evidence on the efficacy of neighborhood and school interventions in improving the long-run outcomes of children growing up in poor families. We focus on studies exploiting exogenous sources of variation in neighborhoods and schools and which examine at least medium-term outcomes. Higher-quality neighborhoods improve family safety, adult subjective well-being and health, and girls' mental health. But they have no detectable impact on youth human capital, labor market outcomes, or risky behaviors. In contrast, higher-quality schools can improve children's academic achievement and can have longer-term positive impacts of increasing educational attainment and earnings and reducing incarceration and teen pregnancy.