Managerial Resourcefulness: A Reconceptualization of Management Skills
指出当前对管理技能的理解存在局限，提出区分“技能”与“胜任力”的框架，将胜任力视为管理资源fulness，并整合心理学研究阐述其构成，对管理者的选拔与培训有参考价值。
The diverse nature of the prevailing conceptualizations of skills required for successful managerial performance hinders our understanding of the phenomenon. This paper examines the limitations to our understanding of the nature of managerial skills based on the analysis of managerial jobs that are often non-routine, unprogrammed, and ill-structured. A framework that distinguishes between managerial "skills" and "competencies" along several dimensions such as specific-generic, task driven-person driven, and transferable non-transferable is suggested as a possible alternative mode of conceptualization. Competencies representing fundamental generic cognitive characteristics are viewed as managerial resourcefulness. Integrating research from the fields of cognitive, clinical, personality, and social psychology, the paper identifies and explicates various components of resourcefulness which have implications for selection and training of managers. Developing appropriate operationalization, assessment, and training procedures with respect to various components of resourcefulness are suggested as areas for future research.