Municipal Housekeeping
研究发现，美国第十九修正案赋予女性选举权后，公共教育支出增加，但南方黑人仍被剥夺选举权，导致白人学校获益远超黑人学校，加剧了教育支出的种族不平等，延缓了黑人人力资本的相对提升。
Gains in 20th century real wages and reductions in the black-white wage gap have been linked to the midcentury ascent of school quality. With a new data set uniquely appropriate to identifying the impact of female voter enfranchisement on education spending, we attribute up to one-third of the 1920–40 rise in public school expenditures to the Nineteenth Amendment. Yet the continued disenfranchisement of black Southerners meant white school gains far outpaced those for blacks. As a result, women’s suffrage exacerbated racial inequality in education expenditures and substantially delayed relative gains in black human capital observed later in the century.