Voting for Public Goods
证明，当资源私有时，投票制度对非排他性公共物品的选择没有影响，无论是否允许少数联盟生产，社会总产出相同；这与再分配和排他性公共物品的情况形成对比。
It is shown that when resources are privately owned, the institution of voting is irrelevant to the choice of non-exclusive public goods: the total bundle of such goods produced by Society is the same whether or not minority coalitions are permitted to produce them. This is in sharp contrast to the cases of redistribution and of exclusive public goods, where public decisions depend strongly on the vote. The analytic tool used is the Harsanyi-Shapley non-transferable utility value.