The effects and policy implications of state aids to industry: an economic analysis
分析了欧盟国家援助政策的效果，指出当前委员会批准98%申请的做法存在问题，并提出应基于外部性和政府间竞争失灵来制定新监管框架。
Summary State aids Making EU policy properly reflect geography and subsidiarityThe use of state aids to industry is a poorly understood part of competition policy. Currently, the EU Commission presumes that state aids distort competition, yet it approves 98% of applications, often for social or distributional reasons. We argue that proper regulation of state aids should focus on two issues, the externalities generated and the inefficiencies arising from failures in competition between governments. We thus develop a new framework for EU policy and compare its implications with the existing practice of the EU Commission.— Timothy Besley and Paul Seabright