Assessing the “Engines of Liberation”: Home Appliances and Female Labor Force Participation
利用家用电器价格的新数据集，检验其下降对女性劳动参与率的影响，发现电器价格下降显著提升女性参与率，效果与生育率相当。
The secular rise in female labor force participation, highlighted in the recent macroe-conomics literature on growth and structural change, has been associated with the de-clining price and wider availability of home appliances. This paper uses a new and unique country dataset on the price of home appliances to test its impact on female labor supply. We assess the role of the price of appliances in raising participation by comparing it to the impact of fertility and other macroeconomic factors. A decrease in the relative price of appliances- the ratio of the price of appliances to the consumer price index- leads to a substantial and statistically significant increase in female labor force participation. The impact of the price of appliances is quantitatively of the same order of magnitude as that of fertility. This result is robust to the inclusion of additional controls, such as income per capita, government spending, and male and female unemployment rates. To assess causality, we test for exogeneity and use the lagged relative price of appliances and the food price index as instrumental variables, confirming that lower appliance prices lead to increased female participation.