Cultural Values and Potential Nonresponse Bias
利用20个欧洲国家管理者的调查数据，分析个人和国家特征与应答率的关系，发现女性和性别更平等国家的应答率更高，提示国际调查中需考虑文化价值观对无应答偏差的影响。
Using data from a prior survey of managers in 20 European countries, the authors conducted multilevel analyses to illustrate the value of examining relationships of both individual characteristics and country characteristics to likelihood of responding. Consistent with inferences about likely salience of the survey topic, they found that likelihood of responding was higher for women than for men and was also higher in countries with more gender equality than in countries with less gender equality. These findings underscore the need to examine national cultural values that might be related to both survey topic salience and country response rates as potential sources of nonresponse (and nonresponse bias) in international survey-based research.