What Constitutes Evidence of Discrimination in Lending?
通过一个简单的银行贷款模型，分析相对拒绝率和违约率能推断出哪些关于贷款歧视的信息，发现拒绝率或违约率的相等总是意味着歧视。
ABSTRACT We analyze a simple model of bank lending in order to ascertain what can be inferred from relative denial and default rates about lending discrimination. We show that if minority applicants are of lower average creditworthiness than majority applicants, then, contrary to a popular argument, a uniform, nondiscriminatory credit policy cannot simultaneously produce (i) higher denial rates for minority applicants, and (ii) equal default rates for minority and majority applicants. Moreover, we show that equality of denial or default rates always implies discrimination. In particular, equal denial (default) rates imply discrimination against majority (minority) applicants.