Farm‐to‐market transaction costs and specialisation in small‐scale agriculture: Explorations with a non‐separable household model
用一个包含内生交易成本的家庭模型说明，即使没有风险，专业化收益与交易成本上升之间的张力也会导致小农场经营多样化，这对提高小农生产率和收入的政策有启示。
Using an integrated household model with endogenous transaction costs, this article illustrates how, even in the absence of risk, the tension between gains from specialisation and corresponding increases in transaction costs may lead to enterprise diversification on small farms. A numerical example illustrates that this tension may contribute to the prevalence of inter‐cropped cash‐crops on small farms, in apparent disregard for foregone yield and income from greater specialisation involving pure‐stands. By implication, measures that augment households’ abilities to override trading costs may be critical complements to efforts seeking to raise productivity and incomes in small‐scale agriculture via increased specialisation.