A micro-economic analysis of dairy farming in the Netherlands
构建了一个统一框架，分析荷兰奶牛场在牛奶配额制度实施前后的短期生产关系，发现配额变化对产出和投入的影响远大于价格变化。
A unified framework for analysing the short-term production relationships between outputs and inputs on Dutch dairy farms before and after the introduc-tion of the milk quota system is presented. It is derived from duality theory and estimated using an incomplete panel of Dutch dairy farms. The theoretical framework fits the data well. The supply of unrestricted outputs and the demand for variable inputs are much more responsive to milk quota changes than to price changes. The average estimated shadow price of milk quota in 1984/85-1988/89 was 0.36 guilder per kilogram in 1980/81 prices. The scarcity of milk quota and resources is further investigated for different types of dairy farms. It appears that high shadow prices of quasi-fixed inputs go together with low shadow prices of milk quota.