A General Approach for Representing Constructs in Organizational Research
提出一个框架，展示构念及其指标在不同深度（具体性vs一般性）下的表示，并整合到多特质多方法矩阵的验证性因子分析中。通过工作价值观量表（WAPS）的实证分析，发现该量表在表示相对具体的工作价值观时表现更好，且因子结构对男女具有普遍性，但存在性别差异。
A key assumption underlying methods of construct validation is that constructs and their indicators are represented at the appropriate depth (i.e., the specificity versus generality of constructs and their indicators). This article presents a framework that depicts constructs and indicators at various depths and provides guidelines for choosing from among these depths. The framework is then integrated with methods of construct validation based on the confirmatory factor analysis of multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrices. The authors apply these methods to the measurement of work values, using the Work Aspect Preference Scale (WAPS). Results show that the WAPS performs better when used to represent relatively specific work values as opposed to more global, general values. Further analyses supported the generalizability of the WAPS factor structure for men and women, although gender differences were found on structured means for several latent value dimensions.