Indirect Industry-and Subindustry-Level Managerial Discretion Measurement
改进了注意力同质性的测量方法，证明注意力异质性可作为行业层面自由裁量权的有效操作化指标，并扩展至子行业群体，以债务约束为例展示了自由裁量权决定因素的非线性交互作用。
Hambrick and Finkelstein's managerial discretion model has received limited research attention, partly because managerial discretion is difficult to operationalize. Abrahamson and Hambrick measured attentional homogeneity, ``the degree of similarity of foci of attention of managers in an industry,'' and demonstrated that it is strongly and negatively correlated with industry-level discretion (ILD). The authors measure attentional homogeneity more accurately and elegantly and show that attentional heterogeneity, the negative of attentional homogeneity, is a viable operationalization of ILD. They extend the technique and measure average levels of managerial discretion for subindustry groups and, using debt discipline as their example, demonstrate the contextual effects of ILD and show that discretion determinants can have nonlinear interactions.