Retailer concentration and product innovation in food manufacturing
研究零售商市场力量如何影响上游食品制造企业的产品创新，基于德国企业调查发现零售商集中度会抑制创新，但制造企业的市场力量可缓解此效应。
The increasing concentration of retailing in many countries (particularly in Europe) is a cause for concern for competition authorities. In a formal model, we argue that retailer market power influences upstream firms' incentives to introduce new products. On the basis of a survey of German food manufacturing firms, the results of a negative binomial regression model suggest a detrimental effect of retailer market power on product innovation. This effect is mitigated if manufacturing firms also have some market power (countervailing power). Innovations are positively related to the firms' market share.