Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi‐level study
基于149名员工的体验抽样数据，研究发现日常时间压力和工作控制被感知为挑战，进而促进每日创造力和主动行为，且日常特征在长期特征与挑战评价间起中介作用。
Abstract Work characteristics such as time pressure and job control can be experienced as a challenge that is positively associated with performance‐related behaviors. Using experience‐sampling data from 149 employees, we examined the relationships between these work characteristics and creativity and proactive behavior on a daily level. Results from multilevel analyses indicate that time pressure and job control are perceived as challenging, and that challenge appraisal in turn is related to daily creativity and proactive behavior. Furthermore, cross‐level mediation analyses revealed that daily work characteristics act as the mechanism underlying the relationships between chronic work characteristics and challenge appraisal. This study supports the view of time pressure as a challenge‐related stressor that leads to favorable outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.